成實論卷第十九
    成實論卷第二十
    成實論卷第九
    訶梨跋摩造
    姚秦三藏鳩摩羅什譯
    五戒品第一百九
    佛說優婆塞有五戒。問曰.有人言具受則得戒律儀.是事云何。答曰.[一]隨受多少皆得律
    儀.但取要有五。問曰.離繫縛等何故不名爲戒.而但說不殺等耶。答曰.是眷屬故。問曰.
    何故不說斷婬.而但說不邪婬耶。答曰.白衣處俗難常離故。又自婬其妻不必墮諸惡
    趣.如須陀洹等亦行此法.是故不說令斷婬欲。問曰。離兩舌等何故不名爲戒。答曰.是
    事細微難可守護。又兩舌等是妄語分.若說諸妄語則已總說。問曰.飲酒是實罪耶。答
    曰.非也.所以者何.飲酒不爲惱衆生故.但是罪因.若人飲酒則開不善門.是故若教人
    飲酒則得罪分.以能障定等諸善法故.如植衆果必爲牆障。如是四法是實罪.離爲實
    福.爲守護故結此酒戒。
    注：
    [一]五戒分得義．（章十二．五戒.）
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    六業品第一百一十
    業有六種.地獄報業.畜生報業.餓鬼報業.人報.天報.不定報業。問曰.何者是耶。答曰.地
    獄報業者.如六足阿毗曇樓炭分中廣說。又殺生等罪皆爲地獄.如經中說喜殺生者
    生地獄中.若得爲人則受短命.乃至邪見亦如是。問曰已知十不善道受地獄報.亦生
    畜生餓鬼及人道中.而汝但說生地獄及人中.今當別說何業但受地獄報耶。答曰.卽
    此罪業最重者受地獄報.小輕則受畜生等報。又若具足三種邪行則爲地獄.餘不具
    足業爲畜生等。又故作重罪則爲地獄。又破戒破見人所造惡業則爲地獄。又深心爲
    惡心壞行壞.是人造惡業則爲地獄。又造不善業.以不善助則爲地獄。又若於賢聖造
    不善業則爲地獄。又起不善業不善修集.如人起不善業後讚快樂不欲捨離.則爲地
    獄。又以憎恚心而造罪業則爲地獄.若爲財物則受餘報。又以邪見心起不善業則爲
    地獄。又破戒者所作罪業則爲地獄。又無慚愧者所作罪業則爲地獄。又惡性人所作
    罪業則爲地獄.譬如濕地小雨成泥。又常行不善者所作惡業則爲地獄。又若無急緣
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    而造惡業則爲地獄。又若人不得空無我分深染著故.所造罪業則爲地獄。又若人不
    修身戒心慧.所造惡業則爲地獄。又若凡人所作惡業則爲地獄.所以者何.是人不知
    陰界諸入十二緣等.以不知故不應作而作應作而不作.不應語而語應語而不語.不
    應念而念應念而不念.是人所作罪業雖少亦爲地獄。又若不見不善中過.是人則能
    起重罪業受地獄報。又若人爲罪不依於善則爲地獄.如負債人不依恃王債主則得
    便。又若人善業劣弱.所作少罪亦爲地獄.如人身中火勢微少得難消食則不能消。又
    若人但行不善無善業雜.則爲地獄.如人爲賊輕重悉繫。又若捨離一切善根.如象戰
    時不護惜手.是人作罪則爲地獄。又若行小法受學小師.是人作罪則爲地獄.如貧賤
    負債爲富貴所牽。又若人常長不善如負債日息.猶如屠兒獵師等業.則爲地獄。又若
    覆藏罪則爲地獄.如瘡內漏。又若人不善久住心中不能疾滅則爲地獄.如被治毒卽
    能殺人。又若人自作不善亦以教人.開多衆生苦惱門故則爲地獄.如諸國王及多知
    識人行惡邪行令多人學.如富蘭那等。又若所作業多惱衆生如燒林等.又教多人令
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    墮非法如田獵等.又若人以惡業活命如賊魁膾屠獵師等。又畢竟破戒人所作罪業
    則爲地獄.至死不捨故名畢竟.如偈說畢竟破戒人如藤蔓樹枝.是人身造惡自令怨
    得願。又無事而忿以此忿心而爲罪業.則爲地獄.若有事而忿罪則不爾。又以瞋起業.
    是結重故則爲地獄.如經中說瞋爲重罪而易除滅。又若惡心成性則爲地獄.若以因
    緣而起罪業是則輕微。又若縱逸人所造惡業則爲地獄.若爲知識所護則得生天.如
    莎婆魁膾臨命終時舍利弗到其所.是人卽以惡眼視舍利弗不能令異.呼小來前更
    以氣噓之.見舍利弗光色益榮便生念言此人勝我不可殺也.卽以淨心七反上下視
    舍利弗.以此因緣七生天上七生人中.後得辟支佛道。又如鴦掘魔羅多起罪業將欲
    殺母.佛爲善知識故卽得解脫.又如施越以火坑毒飯欲中害佛.佛爲善知識故亦得
    解脫.如是等人雖有惡業不墮地獄.故說若縱逸人所作惡業則爲地獄。又若斷善根
    不可復治.如調達等.猶如病人死相已現.是人作罪則爲地獄。又若人不數爲善.將命
    終時善心難生.是人心悔故墮地獄。又若臨死時起邪見心.是人以先不善爲因邪見
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    爲緣故墮地獄。如是多有諸業爲地獄報。又論師言一切不善皆是地獄因緣.是不善
    之餘生畜生等中.如經中說佛語比丘.汝等所見衆生身邪行口邪行意邪行者當知
    便爲見地獄人。問曰.已知地獄報業.畜生報業何者是耶。答曰.若人雜善起不善業故
    墮畜生。又結使熾盛故墮畜生.如婬欲盛故生於雀鴿鴛鴦等中.瞋恚盛故生於蚖蛇
    蝮螫等中.愚癡盛故生豬羊等中.憍逸盛故生於師子虎狼等中.調戲盛故生猨猴等
    中.慳嫉盛故生狗等中.如是等餘煩惱盛故生種種畜生中。若有少施分者.雖生畜生
    於中受樂.如金翅鳥龍象馬等。又口業報多墮畜生.如人不知不信業果報故起種種
    口業.如言是人輕躁猶如猨猴則生猨猴中.若言貪餐如烏.語如狗吠.騃如豬羊.聲如
    驢鳴.行如駱駝.自高如象.惡如逸牛.婬如鳥雀.怯如猫貍.諂如野干.[亻*戾]如羖羊.多毛如
    牛.起如是等惡口業故隨業受報。又衆生以貪樂故發種種願.如樂婬欲則生鳥等中.
    若聞諸龍金翅鳥等有勢力故願生其中。又經中說若於迮狹處死願得寬處則生鳥
    中.若渴死求水故生水中。餓死貪食故生廁等中。又從愚癡起輕微業.以雜善故生於
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    蚤蝨蟲蟻等中。又若教他人令墮邪法則生無智處.盲生盲死作死尸中蟲。又行雜業
    故生畜生中.如經中說諸畜生隨種種心得種種形。又若起應食草業.如人妄語自呪
    誓言.若食此食令我食草.或言食土如是等.又若人惡口罵言汝何不食草食土.是人
    隨語受生食草土等.又人行不淨施得食草等報。又若人觝債不償.墮牛羊獐鹿驢馬
    等中償其宿債.如是等業墮畜生中。問曰.已知畜生報業.以何業故墮餓鬼中。答曰.於
    飲食等生慳貪心故墮餓鬼。問曰.若人自物不與.何故得罪。答曰.是慳人若人從乞以
    貪惜故則生忿恚.以此罪故生餓鬼中。又此慳人若人從乞有而言無.以妄語故墮餓
    鬼中。又此人久來修習慳結.見他得利生嫉妒心.故墮餓鬼。又此慳人見他行施則憎
    恚施主.言此乞者以慣得故必當復來從我乞.又從久遠來修習慳心旣自不施亦遮
    他與。又若共有物如寺中僧物及天祠中諸婆羅門物.有人獨惜不欲與人.故墮餓鬼。
    又若人劫奪壞他飲食故生無飲食處。又若人無有布施福.隨所生處報無所得.兼有
    呵罵乞者業故於中受苦。又此慳者見人飢渴無憐愍心.故所生處常受飢渴.如以慈
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    悲得生天上.如是以恚恨故生惡道中。又深著親屬愛樂住處故.墮迦陵伽等餓鬼中
    生.以貪愛是生因緣故.如是等.如業報經中廣說。問曰.已知三惡報業.以何業故生人
    天中。答曰.若布施持戒修善等業.上者生天中.下者生人中。又利根者則生人中.以能
    行人法故名爲人。又雜善業故生人中.此業有上中下.一心不一心淨不淨等.何以知
    之.以人有種種差品不同故。如經中說.殺生則短命.盜竊則貧窮.邪婬則家不貞良.妄
    語則常被誹謗.兩舌則眷屬不和.惡口則常聞惡聲.綺語則人不信受.貪嫉則多婬欲.
    瞋恚則多惡性.邪見則多愚癡.憍慢則生下賤.自高則矬短.嫉妒則無威德.慳則貧寒.
    瞋則醜陋.惱他則多病.雜心布施則嗜不美味.非時布施則不得隨意.疑悔則生邊地.
    行不淨施則從苦得報.非道行婬則得不男形.人中有如是等雜不善業.善業亦與此
    相違.如不殺得長夀等.人道中有如是等種種不同.故知是雜業報。又以願故得生人
    中.[一]有人不樂放逸亦不多欲.好樂智慧發人身願.則生人中。又若人好樂供養父母及
    諸所尊.亦知供養沙門婆羅門等.喜爲事業亦好修福.則生人中。於人中若淨業因緣
    注：
    [一]原刻作又．今依麗刻改．
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    生鬱單曰.又若人憎惡田宅舍廬我所差別則生鬱單曰.又若人正行白業不惱他取
    財而以布施亦不貪著.自持戒行又不破戒前後眷屬則生鬱單曰。是善小劣生拘耶
    尼.又小不如生弗于逮。天報業者.是施戒善上淨故生天.又若人得智慧分折伏諸結
    故生天上。又亦隨雜業故有差別.如人中說。又以願故.若聞天上受樂因緣所作善業
    皆願往生.如八福生處中說。若行慈悲喜捨則生梵世乃至有頂.是中禪定有差品故
    報亦差別.若不善斷睡眠調戲等是人身光則濁.若善除滅光則明淨。又上善業報則
    生天.以諸所欲隨念卽得故。若離色相得無色定.則生無色處。如是等名天報業。不定
    報業者.下善不善業.是業或地獄餓鬼畜生人天中受。問曰.餘四道中可得受善業報.
    地獄云何。答曰.[一]若小地獄中暫有停息.如從火地獄得解.遙見樹林心喜往趣入此林
    中.涼風動樹刀劍未墮爾時暫樂.或見鹹河謂是清水馳走往趣亦得暫樂。如是等是
    地獄中善業報分.是名不定報業。
    七不善律儀品第一百一十一
    注：
    [一]地獄得有善果義．（章七．六業．）又三塗有善報義．（章七．三時報業.）
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    七不善律儀.謂殺盜邪婬兩舌惡口妄言綺語.若人於此七事若具足若不具足皆名
    不善律儀人。問曰.何者成就不善律儀。答曰.成就殺不善律儀謂屠獵等.成就盜者謂
    劫賊等.成就邪婬謂非道行婬及婬女等.成就妄語謂歌戲伎兒等.成就兩舌謂喜讒
    謗及讀誦讒書構合國事等.成就惡口謂獄卒等亦以惡口自活命等.成就綺語謂合
    集言辭令人笑等。有人言諸王宰將治王事者常成就此不善律儀.是事不然.所以者
    何.若人作罪相續不息是名成就不善律儀.王等不爾。問曰.云何得此不善律儀。答曰.
    隨行惡業時得。問曰.爲從所殺衆生得此律儀.爲從一切衆生得耶。答曰.[一]從一切衆生
    得.如人持戒於一切衆生得善律儀.不善律儀亦如是。若隨殺衆生得二種無作.一殺
    罪所攝.二不善律儀所攝.於餘衆生得不善律儀所攝。問曰.是不善律儀幾時成就。答
    曰.乃至未得捨心則常成就。問曰.若人從下輭心得不善律儀.若貪等心得.是人常如
    是成就.爲更得耶。答曰.[二]隨心隨煩惱因緣更得此不善律儀.念念常得。於一切衆生得
    起七種.是七種有上中下.故有二十一種.如是念念常於一切衆生邊得。問曰.是不善
    注：
    [一]不善律儀通於三世衆邊得義．（章七．七不善律儀．）
    [二]不善律儀隨行惡時念念更得義．（章七．七不善律儀．）
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    律儀云何得捨。答曰.隨受善律儀時捨.死時亦捨.[一]又發深心從今日更不復作爾時亦
    捨。有論師言轉根時捨.[二]是事不然.所以者何.不能男等亦得成就.毗尼中亦說若比丘
    轉根不失律儀.當知不以轉根故捨。問曰.五道中何道衆生成就不善律儀。答曰.但人
    成就.不在餘道。有人言師子虎狼等常以惡業活命亦應成就。
    七善律儀品第一百一十二
    七善律儀.不殺至不綺語。問曰.於非衆生數得是善律儀不。答曰.得.但要因衆生。是善
    律儀三種.戒律儀禪律儀定律儀。問曰.何故不說無漏律儀。答曰.無漏律儀在後二中
    攝.故不別說。有論師言更有斷律儀.謂離欲界時得善律儀以斷破戒等惡故名曰斷.
    而實一切律儀皆三中攝。問曰.諸外道等得此戒律儀耶。答曰[三]得.此人亦以深心離諸
    惡故.戒師教言汝從今日不應起殺等罪。問曰.餘道衆生得此戒律儀不。答曰.經中說
    諸龍等亦能受一日戒.故知應有。問曰.有人言不能男等無戒律儀.是事云何。答曰.是
    戒律儀從心邊生.不能男等亦有善心.何故不得。問曰.何故不聽作比丘。答曰.是人結
    注：
    [一]發深心要期得捨不善律儀義．（章七．七不善律儀．）
    [二]轉根不捨不善律儀義．（章七．七不善律儀．）
    [三]外道得戒律儀義．（章十．三律儀．又章十二．五戒．）
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    使深厚.難得道故.又此人不在比丘中.亦不在比丘尼中.是故不聽。又彼中亦遮餘人.
    如睞眼等.是人亦得此善律儀。問曰.毗尼中遮逆罪者賊住者汙比丘尼等不聽作比
    丘.是諸人等亦有善律儀耶。答曰.是人若爲白衣或得善律儀.如不遮此人修行布施
    慈等善法.如是若有世閒戒律儀者有何咎耶.但以是人爲惡業所汙亦障聖道.是故
    不聽出家。問曰.爲從可殺等衆生得善律儀.爲於一切衆生得耶。答曰.皆於一切衆生
    邊得.若不爾律儀則有分.有分則不具足。又此律儀則可增減.亦同尼延子法謂百由
    旬內不殺生等。有此等過是故律儀無有分別。若有人言.我於此人離殺此人不離.是
    人不得此戒律儀。有論師言.若分別布施行慈心等亦有福德.戒亦可爾.如持一戒亦
    得戒福.如是於一衆生亦得律儀。問曰.是戒律儀二種.一盡形.二一日一夜.盡形者若
    比丘若優婆塞.一日一夜者如受八戒一日一夜.是事云何.答曰.是事無定。若一日一
    夜.若但一日或但一夜.若半日或半夜.隨能受時。得出家則但應盡形.若言我但一月
    二月若但一歲則不名得出家法.五戒亦爾。問曰.若得善律儀.還破失律儀不。答曰.不
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    失.但以不善法汙此律儀。問曰.但於現在衆生得戒律儀.爲從三世衆生得耶。答曰.[一]皆
    於三世衆生所得.如人供養過去所尊亦有福德.律儀亦爾.是故一切諸佛同一戒品。
    是律儀無量.如於一衆生得起七種.從不貪等善根起故.亦從上中下心起故.故有多
    種。如一人.一切衆生邊亦如是.念念常得故有無量。問曰.戒律儀幾時可得。答曰.有人
    受一日戒是初律儀.卽日受優婆塞戒是第二律儀.卽日出家作沙彌是第三律儀.卽
    日受具足戒是第四律儀.卽日得禪定是第五律儀.[二]卽日得無色定是第六律儀.卽日
    得無漏是第七律儀.隨得道果更得律儀而本得不失.但勝者受名.如是則福德益增。
    以此戒律儀於一切衆生念念常得.故說一日戒律儀四大寶藏不及十六分中之一。
    禪律儀無漏律儀隨心行.戒律儀不隨心行。問曰.有人言.入定時有禪律儀.出定則無.
    是事云何。答曰.出入常有。是人得實不作惡法.與破戒相違.常不爲惡.善心轉勝.故應
    常有。問曰.若禪無色中無破戒法.以何相違名善律儀。答曰.法應如是.諸仙聖人皆得
    善律儀。若以破戒相違故有律儀者.則但應從可惱衆生所得善律儀.有如是咎.是故
    注：
    [一]七善律儀遍於三世衆生處起義．（章十二．七善律儀．）
    [二]禪戒得通無色定義．（章十．三聚戒．）
    ********************
    不然。
    八戒齋品第一百一十三
    八戒齋名優婆娑。〈優婆娑秦言善宿〉是人善心離破戒宿故名善宿。問曰.何故正說離
    八事耶。答曰.此八是門.由此八法離一切惡。是中四是實惡.飲酒是衆惡門.餘三是放
    逸因緣。是人離五種惡是福因緣.離餘三種是道因緣.白衣多善法劣弱.但能起道因
    緣.故以此八法成就五乘。問曰.是八分齋但應具受.爲得分受。答曰.隨力能持。有人言
    此法但齋一日一夜.是事不然.隨受多少戒.或可半日乃至一月有何咎耶。有人言要
    從他受.是亦不定.若無人時但心念口言我持八戒。是戒五種清淨.一行十善道.二前
    後諸苦.三不爲惡心所惱.四以憶念守護.五回向泥洹.能如是齋則四大寶藏不及其
    一分。天王福報亦所不及。帝釋說偈.佛訶之.若漏盡人應說此偈.如言.六齋神足月奉
    行於八戒此人獲福德則爲與我等.若人齋日受齋福如帝釋。受此齋法應泥洹果.故
    漏盡人應說此偈。受齋法中繫縛桎梏皆應放捨.亦斷一切不善因緣.是名清淨。問曰.
    ********************
    轉輪聖王好受齋法.誰教之者。答曰.大德天神曾見佛者教之令受。
    八種語品第一百一十四
    八種語.四種不淨.四種淨。四不淨者.若人見言不見.不見言見.不見謂見問言不見.見
    謂不見問則言見.如是事倒心倒故名不淨。四種淨者.若見言見.不見言不見.見謂不
    見問言不見.不見謂見問則言見.事實心實故名曰淨。聞覺知亦如是。問曰.見聞覺知
    有何差別。答曰.[一]有三種信.見名現在信.聞名信賢聖語.知名比知.覺名分別三種信慧。
    此三種慧或皆是實.或皆顛倒。上人不起不淨但起淨語.是故下人所用則名不淨.上
    人所用故名爲淨。有人言是義中諸正智人皆名爲上.不但得道.故凡夫人亦有淨語。
    九業品第一百一十五
    [二]九種業.欲界繫業三種作無作非作非無作.色界繫業亦如是.無色界二種.及無漏業。
    身口所造業名作。因作所集罪福常隨.是心不相應法名爲無作.[三]亦有無作但從心生。
    非作非無作者卽是意.意卽是思.思名爲業。是故若意求後身此亦名意業亦名爲思.
    注：
    [一]八種語約境分別義．（章七．八種語．）
    [二]九業義．（章七．身等三業．又章七．九業．）
    [三]心生無作義．（章七．九業．）
    ********************
    思念後身故名爲業。問曰.若爾則無無漏思。答曰.若以此爲思則無漏思也。問曰.是無
    作雖從身生.當有多少差別不。答曰.若一切身分皆起作業.因此則集多無作得大果
    報。問曰.是無作在何處.答曰.業道體定.集無作作或有或無.餘則待心.若強心則有.輭
    心則無。又此無作亦從願生.若人發願我要當布施若起塔寺.是人定得無作。問曰.是
    無作幾時得.幾時失。答曰.隨所作事在.若起園林塔寺等施隨施物不壞爾時常隨。又
    隨心不息.如人發心我應常作此事.若會同若衣施.如是等事在心不息爾時常得。又
    隨命未盡.如人受出家戒.爾時常得。問曰.有人言但欲界中從作生無作.色界中無.是
    事云何。答曰.應在二界.所以者何.色界諸天亦能說法禮佛及僧.如是人等云何不從
    作業生無作耶。又有人言隱沒無記無無作.是事不然.隱沒無記是重煩惱.是煩惱集
    則名爲使。但不隱沒無記無無作.所以者何.是心下輭不能起集.如華能熏麻非草木
    等。有人言過梵世上無有能起作業心.所以者何.覺觀能起口業.彼無覺觀但用梵世
    心能起口業.是事不然.衆生隨業受身.若上地生不應用梵世中報.故知以自地心能
    ********************
    起口業。又汝說彼無覺觀.後當說有。問曰.聖人斷結未盡.能起作業不。答曰.聖人不能
    起實罪業。問曰.狗等衆生音聲是口業不。答曰.雖無言辭差別.從心起故亦名爲業。又
    若現相.若號令.若簫竹等音.皆名口業。是身口業要由意識能起.非餘識也.是故人有
    自見身業自聞口業.以意識所起業相續不斷故自見聞。
    十不善道品第一百一十六
    經中佛說十不善業道.謂殺生等.五陰和合名爲衆生.斷此命故名爲殺生。問曰.若此
    五陰念念常滅.以何名殺。答曰.五陰雖念念滅還相續生.斷相續故名爲殺生。又是人
    以有殺心.故得殺罪。問曰.爲斷現在五陰故名殺生耶。答曰.五陰相續中有衆生名.壞
    此相續故名殺生.不以念念滅中有衆生名。問曰.有人依官舊法殺害衆生.或爲強力
    所逼強殺衆生自謂無罪.是事云何。答曰.亦應得罪.所以者何.是人具足殺罪因緣.以
    四因緣得殺生罪.一有衆生.二知是衆生.三有欲殺心.四斷其命.是人備此四因云何
    無罪。盜者.若此物實屬此人而劫盜取是名爲盜.是中亦有四種因緣.一是物實屬他.
    ********************
    二知屬他.三有劫盜心.四劫盜取已。問曰.有人言伏藏屬王.若取此物則於王得罪.是
    事云何。答曰.不論地中物.但地上物應屬王.所以者何.給孤獨等聖人亦取此物故知
    無罪。又若自然得物不名刼盜。問曰.若一切萬物皆共業所生.刼盜何故得罪。答曰.雖
    從共業因生.因有強弱.若人業因力強又勤加功.此物則屬。問曰.若人於塔寺衆僧所
    奪取田宅等物.從誰得罪。答曰.雖佛及僧於此物中無我所心.亦從得罪.以是物定屬
    佛僧.於中生惡心若盜若刼.是故得罪。邪婬者.若衆生非妻.與之行婬是名邪婬。又雖
    是其妻.於非道行婬亦名邪婬.又一切女人皆有守護.若父母兄弟夫主兒息等.出家
    女人爲王等守護。問曰.婬女非婦.與之行婬云何非邪婬耶。答曰.少時爲婦.如毗尼中
    說是少時婦乃至以一鬚遮故。問曰.若無主女人自來求爲妻者.是事云何。答曰.若實
    無主於衆人前如法來者.不名邪婬。問曰.若出家人取婦免邪婬不。答曰.不免.所以者
    何.無此法故.出家法常離婬欲.但罪輕於犯他人婦。妄語者.若身口意誑他衆生令虚
    妄解.是名妄語。佛爲重罪故說衆中定問名爲妄語.乃至一人問時亦名妄語豈須衆
    ********************
    人耶。又隨所欲誑人於此人得罪.若人語他人言我語某甲如是事.事雖不實不名妄
    語。又妄語隨想.若見無見想.問言不見無妄語罪.如毗尼中說。問曰.若人事倒不見言
    見.云何非妄語耶。答曰.一切罪福皆由心生.是人於不見事中而生見想是故無罪.如
    於實衆生中無衆生想.非衆生中生衆生想.不得殺罪。問曰.如實有衆生生衆生想乃
    得殺罪.如是若見生見想則應無罪.非不見見想而得無罪。答曰.是罪因心因衆生生.
    是故雖有衆生無衆生想則不得罪.以無心故.若無衆生有衆生想.以衆生無故亦不
    得罪。若有衆生有衆生想.因緣具故得殺生罪。若於見事中生不見想.問言不見.是人
    想不倒故不欺衆生.雖爲事倒亦名爲實。若不見事中而生見想.問曰不見.是人想倒
    欺誑衆生.事雖不倒亦名妄語。兩舌者.若人欲別離他而起口業是名兩舌。若無別離
    心.他聞自壞.則不得罪。若善心教化令離惡人.雖爲別離亦不得罪。若不以結使濁心.
    雖復口言亦不得罪。惡口者.若人苦言無所利益但欲惱他是名惡口。若憐愍心爲利
    益故苦言無罪.如無事加惱是則有罪。依方針灸雖苦非罪.苦言亦爾.諸佛賢聖亦爲
    ********************
    此事.如言癡人等。又若無結使濁心所爲苦言不名爲罪.如離欲人等若以善心苦語
    中起煩惱卽時得罪。綺語者.若非實語義不正故名爲綺語.又雖是實語以非時故亦
    名綺語.又雖實而時以隨順衰惱無利益故亦名綺語.又雖言實而時亦無利益以言
    無本末義理不次亦名綺語.又以癡等煩惱散心故語名爲綺語。身意不正亦名綺業.
    但多以口作亦隨俗故名曰綺語。餘三口業皆雜綺語不得相離.若妄語而非苦言亦
    不別離則有二種妄語綺語.若是妄語亦欲別離而不苦言則有三種妄語兩舌綺語.
    若妄語苦言不欲別離亦有三種妄語惡口綺語.若妄語苦言亦欲別離則具四種.若
    無妄語苦言亦不別離但非時語無益語無義語則但是綺語。是綺語微細難可捨離.
    但有諸佛能斷其根.是故諸佛獨稱世尊言則信受.餘無及者。問曰.已說七種業道.何
    用復說三意業耶。答曰.或謂罪福要由身口非但從心.是故說心亦是業道.是三種意
    業力故起身口惡業。是三種雖重.以意業微細故在後說。雖一切煩惱能起惡業.此三
    但爲惱衆生故名不善業道。若中下貪不名業道.是貪增上深著他有方便欲惱能起
    ********************
    身口業故以貪嫉爲業道.恚癡亦爾。又若說癡卽說一切煩惱.此中但爲能起身口侵
    惱衆生故說三種。問曰.何故名癡爲邪見耶。答曰.癡有差別.所以者何.非一切癡盡是
    不善.若癡增上轉成邪見則名不善業道。一切不善皆由此三門.若人爲財利故起不
    善業如爲金錢殘殺衆生.或以瞋故如殺怨賊.或有不爲財利亦不瞋恚但以癡力不
    識好醜故殺衆生。問曰.經說惡道因緣有四.隨貪隨恚隨怖隨癡行故墮諸惡道.今此
    中何故不說隨怖起惡業耶。答曰.怖是癡所攝.若說隨怖卽是隨癡.所以者何.智者乃
    至失夀命因緣尚不起惡業。又是事先已答.謂煩惱增長能起身口業.爾時名不善道.
    是三多起不善故。問曰.何故名爲業道。答曰.意卽是業.於此中行故名業道。先行後三
    中.後行前七中.三業道非業.七業亦業亦道。問曰.亦有鞭杖及飲酒等諸不善業.何故
    但說十耶。答曰.此十罪重故說。又鞭杖等皆是眷屬先後.飲酒非是實罪.亦不爲惱他.
    設令惱他亦非但酒也。問曰.是不善道爲在何處。答曰[一]悉在五道.但鬱單曰無。[二]邪婬以
    三事起.以貪欲成.餘以三事起.亦以三事成。問曰.聖人能起不善業不.答曰.亦起意不
    注：
    [一]五趣悉具十不善義．（章七．十不善．）
    [二]邪婬定唯貪欲得成義．（章七．十不善．）
    ********************
    善業.不起身口.又意業中亦但起瞋心.不起殺心。問曰.經中說學人亦呪人言滅令汝
    斷種.此事云何。答曰.亦有經說阿羅漢呪.是漏盡人煩惱根斷尚不起心.況當呪耶.言
    學人呪亦應如是。又聖人於不善業得不作律儀.云何當作不善。又此聖人不墮惡道.
    若能起不善則亦應墮。問曰.若諸聖人今世不造不善業故不墮惡道.過去世中有不
    善業何故不墮。答曰.是聖人心中實智生時諸惡道業皆以羸劣.猶如敗種不能復生。
    又三毒二種.一能致惡道.一則不能.能入惡道者聖人斷盡.以業煩惱故得受身.聖人
    雖有諸業.煩惱不具足是故不墮。又是人依大勢力所謂三寶能消大惡.如人依王債
    主不惱。又是人智慧明利能消惡業.如人身中火勢盛故難消能消。又此人有多方便.
    或念諸佛.或念慈悲.諸善業故得脫諸惡.如多方詐賊依諸嶮難則不可得。又此聖人
    知得解脫道如牛王行.如鳥依空。又長夜修習諸善法故不墮惡道.如經中說若人常
    修身戒心慧者地獄報業能現輕受。又如偈說。行慈悲心無量無礙。諸有重業所不能
    及。又此聖人心不善業不能堅固.如一渧水墮熱鐵上。又此聖人善業深遠.如桓殊羅
    ********************
    樹根。又此聖人善多惡少.少惡在多善中則無勢力.如一兩鹽投之恆河不能壞味。又
    此聖人富信等財.如貧窮人爲一錢受罪.富貴者雖爲百千亦不得罪。又入聖道故得
    爲尊貴.如貴人雖罪不入牢獄。又如虎豹犬羊及尊卑共諍.大者得勝。又此聖人心宿
    聖道.諸惡道罪不能復惱.如王宿空舍餘人無能入者。又此聖人行自行處.惡道罪業
    不能得便.如鷹鵽喻。又聖人繫心四念處.故諸惡道業不能得便.如圓瓶入枝。又具二
    種結故墮惡道隨業受報.聖人斷一種故不墮惡道。又此人常受善業報.故諸惡業道
    不能得便。又如先六業品中說地獄業相.聖人無因緣故不墮惡道。
    十善道品第一百一十七
    十善業道.所謂離殺乃至正見。是十事戒律儀所攝一時得.禪無色律儀所攝亦一時
    得.離名善業道.卽是無作。問曰.餘禮敬布施等福是善業道.何故但說離名業道耶。答
    曰.以離勝故。是十種業於施等爲勝.所以者何.以布施等所得福報不及持戒.如十歲
    人以離殺因緣增益夀命。又十不善業是實罪故.離名實福。[一]又後三善業是衆善之本.
    注：
    [一]原刻作入．今依麗刻改．
    ********************
    是故施等諸善皆業道所攝。又是業道有離鞭杖等先後合說.故一切諸善皆在中攝。
    過患品第一百一十八
    問曰.不善業有何過患。答曰.以不善業故受地獄等苦.如經中說殺生因緣故墮地獄.
    若生人中則受短命.如是乃至邪見。又以不善業業因緣故久受苦惱.如阿鼻地獄過
    無量歲夀命不盡。又衆生所有一切諸惡敗壞衰惱皆由不善。又未曾見不善業有大
    利益.如屠獵師等終不以此業而得尊貴。汝意或謂以壞賊因緣而得富貴.是事先三
    業品中已答。又行不善者受訶責等諸苦惱分。又令他人得所惡事名爲凶暴是故應
    離此不善業。又經中說殺有五失.人所不信.得惡名聞.遠善近惡.死時心悔.後墮惡道。
    又殺生因緣樂少苦多。又行不善業染汙人心.世世積集久則難治。又行不善者從冥
    入冥.流轉三塗永不得出。又行不善者空受人身.如採藥雪山而收毒草是爲極愚.如
    是以十善道乃得人身.但不行善尚爲大失.況起惡業。又行不善者雖自愛身而實不
    自愛.雖自護身實非自護.以起自惱業因緣故。又是人遇身猶如怨賊.自令苦故。又若
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    行不善則自賊其身.況他人耶。又行不善業今雖不現.果報則著.是故雖少亦不可不
    信.如毒雖少亦能害人.如債雖少漸漸滋息。又爲惡於人人常不忘.是故爲雖久遠亦
    不可信。又行不善者名不樂樂.以行不善故失人天樂.不樂樂者愚之甚也。又行不善
    者苦劇可愍.現受心悔等苦.後則受惡道苦。又不善業果飛虚隱海無得脫處.如金槍
    追佛。又一切不善皆由癡起.故有智者不應隨也。又經中說放逸如怨能害善法.故不
    應隨。又不善業諸佛菩薩應真賢聖五通神仙及明罪福者無不呵毁.故不應造。又現
    見惡心熾盛則情志迷亂惱悶痛苦面色變異人不喜見.況起身口.以此等緣故知不
    善有無量過患。
    成實論卷第九                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
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